优化django-rest-framework-的token验证功能

api的通信采用token + ssl，简化和方便线上脚本的调用。Django版本1.8.16，djangorestframework版本3.5.3用了框架提供的rest_framework.authtoken.views.obtain_auth_token和rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication后，发现了一个问题，前者认证通过创建token后，这个token就不会自动更新了，非常不安全，非常危险。后者验证时候是不带缓存的，需要查询数据库，由于每次请求都要验证token，请求相当频繁，感觉不是很爽。

1、实现生成的token带过期时间
首先在setting.py配置文件设置过期时间 REST_FRAMEWORK_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES,这里设置为60分钟

REST_FRAMEWORK_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 60

setting.py同目录文件view.py编辑一个视图

#coding=utf8
import datetime
from django.conf import settings
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
from rest_framework.authtoken.views import ObtainAuthToken
 
EXPIRE_MINUTES = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES', 1)
 
class ObtainExpiringAuthToken(ObtainAuthToken):
    """Create user token"""
    def post(self, request):
        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            token, created =  Token.objects.get_or_create(user=serializer.validated_data['user'])
 
            time_now = datetime.datetime.now()
 
            if created or token.created < time_now - datetime.timedelta(minutes=EXPIRE_MINUTES):
                # Update the created time of the token to keep it valid
                token.delete()
                token = Token.objects.create(user=serializer.validated_data['user'])
                token.created = time_now
                token.save()
 
            return Response({'token': token.key})
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
 
obtain_expiring_auth_token = ObtainExpiringAuthToken.as_view()

url.py新增url用于生成用户token

#from rest_framework.authtoken.views import obtain_auth_token
from .views import obtain_expiring_auth_token
 
urlpatterns += [
    #url(r'^api/token/', obtain_auth_token, name='api-token'),
    url(r'^api/token/', obtain_expiring_auth_token, name='api-token'),
]

用curl测试接口 api/token/

git:(master) ✗ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"username":"test","password":"test"}' http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/token/
{"token":"6ff54785241f825846e4c5fca61cceb6be7f911e"}%

然后，然后这个生成token的接口就好了。目前还有一个问题，用户就是生成一个token例如A，然后用户再也不来请求这个接口生成token，那么这个用户的token A也会一直生效且不会被更新，那么要需要结合token验证函数，来强制删除用户过期的token。

2、自定义token验证，强制删除过期的token，顺便缓存下没有过期的token
首先在setting.py文件新增全局认证类api.authentication.ExpiringTokenAuthentication替换默认的rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
        #'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',  #enable Token authentication
        'api.authentication.ExpiringTokenAuthentication'
    ],
    'PAGE_SIZE': 10,
}

新建authentication.py文件，改文件在api这个目录下面。

#coding=utf8
import datetime
from django.conf import settings
from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
from django.core.cache import cache
 
EXPIRE_MINUTES = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES', 1)
 
class ExpiringTokenAuthentication(TokenAuthentication):
    """Set up token expired time"""
    def authenticate_credentials(self, key):
        # Search token in cache
        cache_user = cache.get(key)
        if cache_user:
            return (cache_user, key)
 
        model = self.get_model()
        try:
            token = model.objects.select_related('user').get(key=key)
        except model.DoesNotExist:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(_('Invalid token.'))
 
        if not token.user.is_active:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(_('User inactive or deleted.'))
 
        time_now = datetime.datetime.now()
 
        if token.created < time_now - datetime.timedelta(minutes=EXPIRE_MINUTES):
            token.delete()
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(_('Token has expired then delete.'))
 
        if token:
            # Cache token
            cache.set(key, token.user, EXPIRE_MINUTES * 60)
 
        return (token.user, token)

然后然后，所有的功能都实现了，删除用户过期的token和缓存token减少数据库查询。